Resumo Este estudo pretende identificar e analisar as representações que pessoas idosas institucionalizadas têm das estruturas residenciais que habitam. A hipótese formulada é a de que as pessoas idosas, quando institucionalizadas, poderão alterar a sua representação eivada de conteúdos avaliativos negativos de acordo com o cenário encontrado. Na pesquisa optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, e o procedimento metodológico utilizado para coleta do material empírico foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Tomou-se como ponto de partida a teoria das representações sociais, desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici, para testar a ideia de que a experiência vivencial de entrada e estadia numa estrutura residencial para idosos poderá contribuir para uma alteração no sistema periférico das representações sociais do objeto, aliviando a carga negativa do seu núcleo central enquanto representação hegemônica. Foi possível perceber que a transformação das representações acontece por efeito de fatores experienciais e contextuais, na sequência de novas práticas sociais decorrentes do “viver em uma estrutura residencial”. Nesse sentido, duas das principais contribuições deste estudo são a identificação e a análise das práticas potenciadoras de transformação da representação negativa da estrutura residencial, estruturadas numa tipologia tripartite: (1) conforto material e físico; (2) fuga à solidão; (3) manutenção da ligação à família.

Abstract This study aims to identify and analyze representations of institutionalized elderly regarding the residential facilities where they live. The hypothesis formulated in this study is that elderly people, when institutionalized, may change their representations, which entail negative evaluative contents, depending on the scenario they encounter. This study used a qualitative approach, with a semi-structured interview specifically designed for empirical data collection. Serge Moscovici’s social representation theory was used as the theoretical framework to test the hypothesis that the experience of being admitted to and staying in a residential care facility for the elderly can contribute to changes in the peripheral system of social representations of the object, reducing the negative weight on its central core as a hegemonic representation. The results indicate that transformation of social representations is associated with experiential and contextual factors, occurring mainly as a result of new social practices within institutional daily life. Two of the major contributions of this study consisted in the identification and analysis of a tripartite typology of practices driving transformation of negative representations regarding residential care facilities, namely: (1) physical and material comfort; (2) escape from loneliness; and (3) preservation of family connections.

Resumo Este estudo pretende identificar e analisar as representações que pessoas idosas institucionalizadas têm das estruturas residenciais que habitam. A hipótese formulada é a de que as pessoas idosas, quando institucionalizadas, poderão alterar a sua representação eivada de conteúdos avaliativos negativos de acordo com o cenário encontrado. Na pesquisa optou-se por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, e o procedimento metodológico utilizado para coleta do material empírico foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Tomou-se como ponto de partida a teoria das representações sociais, desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici, para testar a ideia de que a experiência vivencial de entrada e estadia numa estrutura residencial para idosos poderá contribuir para uma alteração no sistema periférico das representações sociais do objeto, aliviando a carga negativa do seu núcleo central enquanto representação hegemônica. Foi possível perceber que a transformação das representações acontece por efeito de fatores experienciais e contextuais, na sequência de novas práticas sociais decorrentes do “viver em uma estrutura residencial”. Nesse sentido, duas das principais contribuições deste estudo são a identificação e a análise das práticas potenciadoras de transformação da representação negativa da estrutura residencial, estruturadas numa tipologia tripartite: (1) conforto material e físico; (2) fuga à solidão; (3) manutenção da ligação à família.

Abstract This study aims to identify and analyze representations of institutionalized elderly regarding the residential facilities where they live. The hypothesis formulated in this study is that elderly people, when institutionalized, may change their representations, which entail negative evaluative contents, depending on the scenario they encounter. This study used a qualitative approach, with a semi-structured interview specifically designed for empirical data collection. Serge Moscovici’s social representation theory was used as the theoretical framework to test the hypothesis that the experience of being admitted to and staying in a residential care facility for the elderly can contribute to changes in the peripheral system of social representations of the object, reducing the negative weight on its central core as a hegemonic representation. The results indicate that transformation of social representations is associated with experiential and contextual factors, occurring mainly as a result of new social practices within institutional daily life. Two of the major contributions of this study consisted in the identification and analysis of a tripartite typology of practices driving transformation of negative representations regarding residential care facilities, namely: (1) physical and material comfort; (2) escape from loneliness; and (3) preservation of family connections.

Abstract Background: Several tools have been developed to evaluate HIV health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Few longitudinal studies evaluated the effect of ART on the quality of life of HIV patients. Objective: To evaluate changes in HRQoL in HIV-infected individuals one year after initiating ART. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from May 2016 to July 2018. Data on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of 91 HIV-infected patients were collected prior to initiation of ART and one year thereafter. Demographic and clinical data were collected and the questionnaires 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) were administered in both periods. Asymptomatic individuals, aged ≥18 years, were included in the study. Patients who discontinued treatment were excluded. The association between predictors of physical and mental HRQoL was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Patients were predominantly male (78.0%), mean age 35.3 ± 10.7 years, with no stable relationship (80.2%), and no comorbidities (73.6%). Most of the SF-36 domains improved after one year, particularly Physical Function (p = 0.0001), General Health (p = 0.0001), Social Functioning (p = 0.0001), Mental Health (p = 0.001), and Mental Component Summary (p = 0.004). HAT-QoL domains improved in the Overall Function (p = 0.0001), Life Satisfaction (p = 0.0001), Provider Trust (p = 0.001), and Sexual Function (p = 0.0001) domains. Sex (p = 0.032), age (p = 0.001), income (p = 0.007), and stable relationship (p = 0.004) were good predictors of the Physical Component Summary. Sex (p = 0.002) and stable relationship (p = 0.038) were good predictors of the Mental Component Summary. SF-36 and HAT-QoL scales presented strong correlations, except for Medication Concerns (0.15-0.37), HIV Mastery (0.18-0.38), Disclosure Worries (−0.15 to 0.07), and Provider Trust (−0.07 to 0.15). Conclusions: ART improved HRQoL after one year of use. The HAT-QoL and SF-36 correlated well and are good tools to evaluate HRQoL in HIV-infected patients on ART.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar se um programa de residência multiprofissional no interior do Rio Grande do Sul contribui na formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde utilizando o dispositivo de Apoio Matricial em saúde da família. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, caracterizado como estudo de caso. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de análise documental e entrevista aplicada a 34 profissionais do serviço e onze residentes. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que, em um ano e meio do referido Programa, os residentes se sentiram instrumentalizados e identificaram dificuldades como falta de estrutura organizacional para integração e discussões de casos.

The objective of this study was to identify whether a multidisciplinary residence program in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul contributes to the formation to the Unified Health System using the Matrix Support in Family Health. This is a descriptive study, exploratory, of qualitative approach, characterized as a case study. Data collection was carried out by means of documental analysis and interview applied to 34 professionals and eleven residents. Data treatment was performed by the method of content analysis. The results show that after eighteen months in the Program, the residents felt prepared for the task and identified difficulties such as lack of organizational structure for integration and discussions of cases.

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar se um programa de residência multiprofissional no interior do Rio Grande do Sul contribui na formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde utilizando o dispositivo de Apoio Matricial em saúde da família. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, caracterizado como estudo de caso. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de análise documental e entrevista aplicada a 34 profissionais do serviço e onze residentes. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam que, em um ano e meio do referido Programa, os residentes se sentiram instrumentalizados e identificaram dificuldades como falta de estrutura organizacional para integração e discussões de casos.

The objective of this study was to identify whether a multidisciplinary residence program in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul contributes to the formation to the Unified Health System using the Matrix Support in Family Health. This is a descriptive study, exploratory, of qualitative approach, characterized as a case study. Data collection was carried out by means of documental analysis and interview applied to 34 professionals and eleven residents. Data treatment was performed by the method of content analysis. The results show that after eighteen months in the Program, the residents felt prepared for the task and identified difficulties such as lack of organizational structure for integration and discussions of cases.

A enzima amiloglicosidase foi produzida por Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122 através de fermentação em estado sólido, tendo como substrato farelo de arroz desengordurado. Os efeitos dos parâmetros de processo (pH e temperatura) no coeficiente de partição no equilíbrio, para o sistema amiloglicosidase - resina DEAE-celulose foram investigados, com o objetivo de se obter as melhores condições para um posterior processo de purificação. Os maiores coeficientes de partição foram obtidos usando tampão Tris-HCl 0,025M pH 8,0 e 25°C. Determinadas as condições que forneceram o maior coeficiente de partição obteve-se a isoterma que melhor descrevia o processo de adsorção de amiloglicosidase. Foi verificado que adsorção pode ser bem descrita pela equação de Langmuir e os valores de Qm e Kd foram estimados em 133,0 U mL-1 e 15,4 U mL-1 respectivamente. A partir do ajuste das curvas cinéticas utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem, obteve-se as constantes de adsorção (k1) e dessorção (k2) através da otimização pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, os valores encontrados foram 2,4x10-3 mL U-1 min-1 para k1 e 0,037 min-1 para k2.

Amyloglucosidase enzyme was produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL 3122 from solid-state fermentation, using deffated rice bran as substrate. The effects of process parameters (pH, temperature) in the equilibrium partition coefficient for the system amyloglucosidase - resin DEAE-cellulose were investigated, aiming at obtaining the optimum conditions for a subsequent purification process. The highest partition coefficients were obtained using 0.025M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 and 25ºC. The conditions that supplied the highest partition coefficient were specified, the isotherm that better described the amyloglucosidase process of adsorption obtained. It was observed that the adsorption could be well described by Langmuir equation and the values of Qm and Kd estimated at 133.0 U mL-1 and 15.4 U mL-1, respectively. From the adjustment of the kinetic curves using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, the adsorption (k1) and desorption (k2) constants were obtained through optimization by the least square procedure, and the values calculated were 2.4x10-3 mL U-1 min-1 for k1 and 0.037 min-1 for k2 .

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a eficácia de um processo de formação sobre a Fonoaudiologia, desenvolvido com Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, embasado na concepção teórica da educação radical em saúde. MÉTODOS: Inicialmente, uma equipe, composta por cinco agentes comunitários de uma Unidade de Programa de Saúde da Família, foi submetida a uma entrevista coletiva semi-estruturada. Posteriormente, por meio da técnica de grupo focal, foi realizado um processo de educação radical em saúde, perfazendo um total de oito encontros de aproximadamente uma hora e meia cada. Na fase final, o grupo recebeu um exemplar de material informativo escrito sobre Fonoaudiologia, comunicação humana, seus distúrbios e formas de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Durante a entrevista inicial, o grupo demonstrou uma visão predominantemente relacionada a práticas clínicas, de modo especial, em distúrbios da fala e escrita/aprendizagem, surdez e acamados. O processo educativo teve início com a representação do modelo tradicional de educação em saúde e, ao longo dos encontros, com a ampliação do diálogo, assumiu a proposta de modelo radical em saúde, apesar da centralização no modelo de prevenção em saúde. Apenas um agente leu o material escrito. CONCLUSÃO: O processo educativo apresentou-se eficiente para tratar os temas propostos pelo grupo e permitiu o empoderamento no nível individual.

PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy of a formation process regarding Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences developed with Community Health Agents, based on the theoretical concept of radical education in health. METHODS: Initially, a group of five community agents from a Family Health Program Unit was submitted to a semi-structured collective interview. Then, through the focal group technique, a process of radical education in health was carried out, totalizing eight sessions of approximately 90 minutes each. In the final phase, the group received an informative written material regarding Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, human communication, its disorders and ways of prevention. RESULTS: During the initial interview, the group showed knowledge predominantly related to clinical practice, especially on speech, writing and learning disorders, deafness and bedridden patients. The educative process began with the representation of the traditional model of health education and, throughout the sessions, with the dialogue development, it assumed the radical model in health, besides the centralization in the model of health prevention. Only one health agent read the written material. CONCLUSION: The educational process was effective to treat the subjects proposed by the group and allowed the individual empowerment.

Invasive infections caused by Candida spp. are an important problem in immunocompromised patients. There is scarce data on the epidemiology of blood stream candidiasis in Salvador, Brazil. This study evaluates the risk factors associated with candidemia, among patients admitted to three tertiary, private hospitals, in Salvador, Brazil. We conducted a case-control, retrospective study to compare patients with diagnosis of candidemia in three different tertiary hospitals in Salvador, Brazil. Patients were matched for nosocomial, acquired infections, according to the causal agent: cases were defined by positive blood cultures for Candida species. Controls were those patients who had a diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection, with a positive blood culture to any bacteria, within the same time period (± 30 days) of case identification. The groups were compared for the main known risk factors for candidemia and for mortality rates. A hundred thirty-eight patients were identified. Among the 69 cases, only 14 were diagnosed as infected by Candida albicans. Candida species were defined in only eight cultures: C. tropicalis (4 cases), C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondi, C. formata (1 case each). The main risk factors, identified in a univariate analysis, were: presence of a central venous catheter (CVC), use of parenteral nutrition support (PNS), previous exposure to antibiotics, and chronic renal failure (CRF). No association was detected with surgical procedures, diabetes mellitus, neutropenia or malignancies. Patients were more likely to die during the hospitalization period, but the rates of death caused by the infections were similar for cases and controls. The length of hospitalization was similar for both groups, as well as the time for a positive blood culture. Blood stream infection by Candida spp. is associated with CVC, PNS, previous use of antibiotics, and CRF. The higher mortality rate for cases probably better reflects the severity of the underlying diseases, than as a direct consequence of Candidemia.